DBN V.1.2-2:2006 “Loads and actions”: what matters for a solar plant

The 2006 edition with Change 1 (order No. 143 of 13.08.2007, in force from 01.10.2007) and Change 2 (order No. 5 of 16.01.2020, in force from 01.06.2020). Status as of 14.10.2026 per the norms register Solispec checked on 04.10.2026.

The official text: Building norms register, e-construction.gov.ua. Solispec does not host the norm texts. Look for the current edition at the official source.

Change 1 (2007) rewrote clause 9.9 — the height factor C_h, Tables 9.01 and 9.02 and the four terrain types I–IV — as well as clause 9.10 (C_alt) and 9.13. Change 2 (2020) rewrote clauses 4.17 and 4.18 (combination factors) and 9.16 (edge zone e/10, corners with C_aer = −3.5), added clauses 9.17, 9.18 and Annex K, and changed clause 10.1 on icing.

So “DBN loads and actions Change 2” is not a new code but the same 2006 document with both changes. For a solar array Change 1 matters most: the wind pressure at panel height depends on it.

S₀ is the characteristic snow load, Pa: the weight of snow cover on 1 m² of ground exceeded on average once in 50 years (clause 8.5). The limit design value is formula (8.1), the serviceability value (8.2), and C is a product of three factors (8.4):

γ_fm comes from Table 8.1 by the return period T: 1.00 for 50 years and 1.14 for 100. The shape coefficient μ of a monopitch plane follows scheme 1 of Annex Zh: 1 up to 25°, 0 from 60°, linear between. C_e = 1 when there are no data on the operating regime (clause 8.9). C_alt = 1.4H + 0.3 for an altitude H ≥ 0.5 km, otherwise 1 (formula 8.5).

Kyiv example: S₀ = 1,550 Pa, panels at 30°, μ = (60 − 30)/35 = 0.857, T = 50 years. S_m = 1.00 · 1,550 · 0.857 ≈ 1,329 Pa on the horizontal projection.

W₀ is the characteristic wind pressure: the mean component at 10 m height exceeded once in 50 years (clause 9.6). The limit value is formula (9.1), and C is made of six factors (9.3):

C_h comes from Table 9.01 by height and terrain type (clause 9.9): I — open sea, lake surfaces and plains without obstacles; II — countryside with fences, small structures and trees; III — suburban and industrial zones, forests; IV — urban areas. When in doubt, take the type with the larger C_h. C_alt = 2H for H > 0.5 km (formula 9.4). Annex I has no ready aerodynamic coefficients for panels, and clause 9.8 allows them to be taken from other sources.

Kyiv, panel top at 2 m, terrain II: C_h = 0.7, W_m = 370 · 0.7 = 259 Pa. With an uplift coefficient of 1.8 at 30° the uplift is about 466 Pa.

The informative annex with the city table gives each city W₀, S₀, the ice thickness b and the wind pressure with ice W_B. Kyiv: 370 Pa, 1,550 Pa, 19 mm, 160 Pa. The snow and wind districts are on the maps (Fig. 8.1, 9.1), but Solispec pages give values in pascals from the table, not a district number.

Under clause 10.1 as amended by Change 2, ice-and-wind loads are taken for overhead communication lines, contact networks, antenna masts and parts of roofs and walls at 150 m and higher. A ground-mounted array is not on that list.

One quirk of the text itself: clause 8.5 refers to “Annex Zh” for S₀ and clause 8.7 to “Annex E” for μ. It is the other way round: the city table is in Annex E, the snow schemes in Annex Zh. We do not host a PDF of the code; the official text is in the register linked below.

The Solispec engine takes S₀ and W₀ of the 22 regional centres from the city table (all 22 match the code), γ_fm from Tables 8.1 and 9.1 with linear interpolation, and γ_fe from Tables 8.3 and 9.3 for a time share η = 0.02. The default service life is 50 years, so γ_fm = 1.00; it can be changed in the constructor.

The engine takes C_h from Table 9.01 by the panel top height and terrain type, C_e = 1, C_rel = C_dir = C_d = 1. The pressure coefficients on the panel come from Table 7.6 of EN 1991-1-4:2005, as clause 9.8 allows. The calculation is preliminary: an engineer checks it for design.

• Snow and wind calculator
• Snow and wind: Kyiv
• Ballast calculator