Trina
Ground frame for 40 Trina Vertex N TSM-690NEG21C.20 panels (4×10)
4 rows of 10 panels, 27.60 kW. The Solispec engine chose the profiles, the frame pitch and the footings for three snow and wind zones: Kherson has the lowest load of the regional centres, Cherkasy the median, Chernihiv the highest.
- Power
- 27.60kW
- Steel
- 1,617.5kg
- Posts
- 27
- Bolts
- 360
- Materials
- 205,761₴
- Yield
- 31,430kWh/year
Figures for the median zone (Cherkasy); all three zones are in the table below.
Ground frame designer
Open this frame in the builder
The builder opens with the Trina Vertex N TSM-690NEG21C.20 panel and the 4 × 10 layout; site — Cherkasy. Change the site, the tilt or the profiles and the checks and estimate are recalculated.
- No sign-up
- Snow and wind check
- Drawings and estimate
Three snow and wind zones
The same table designed for three regional centres: with the lowest, the median and the highest combined snow and wind load under DBN V.1.2-2:2006. For another site, open the frame in the builder.
| Parameter | Low loadKherson · S₀ 760 · W₀ 480 | Median loadCherkasy · S₀ 1,520 · W₀ 420 | High loadChernihiv · S₀ 1,720 · W₀ 410 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Posts | Tube 80×80×3 | Tube 80×80×3 | Tube 80×80×3 |
| Rafters | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | C-channel 100×50×2.5 |
| Purlins and braces | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | C-channel 60×40×2 | C-channel 60×40×2 |
| Frames | 10 frames, pitch up to 1,440 mm | 9 frames, pitch up to 1,610 mm | 9 frames, pitch up to 1,610 mm |
| Posts | 30 | 27 | 27 |
| Footings (bored concrete) | 30 pcs, Ø500 mm, depth 1,500 mm | 27 pcs, Ø500 mm, depth 1,500 mm | 27 pcs, Ø500 mm, depth 1,500 mm |
| Concrete | 9.72 m³ | 8.75 m³ | 8.75 m³ |
| Tilt | 30° | 30° | 30° |
| Panel bottom / post top | 600 / 4,471 mm | 600 / 4,455 mm | 600 / 4,455 mm |
| Panel field size | 13,350 × 6,887 mm | 13,350 × 6,897 mm | 13,350 × 6,897 mm |
| Row spacing between tables (no shade on 21 December) | 21,530 mm at noon · 24,200 mm ±2 h | 23,850 mm at noon · 27,550 mm ±2 h | 26,150 mm at noon · 31,070 mm ±2 h |
| Steel | 1,765.2 kg | 1,617.5 kg | 1,617.5 kg |
| Bolts | M10 — 294, M8 — 88 | M10 — 272, M8 — 88 | M10 — 272, M8 — 88 |
| Panel clamps | end 16, middle 72 | end 16, middle 72 | end 16, middle 72 |
| Materials | 215,634 UAH | 205,761 UAH | 205,761 UAH |
| With installation and delivery | 285,156 UAH | 275,338 UAH | 275,338 UAH |
| Per 1 kW | 10,332 UAH/kW | 9,976 UAH/kW | 9,976 UAH/kW |
| Yield | 1,266 kWh/kW · 34,953 kWh/year | 1,139 kWh/kW · 31,430 kWh/year | 1,043 kWh/kW · 28,790 kWh/year |
| Strength σ/fy | 68% | 62% | 66% |
| Deflection / (L/200) | 48% | 39% | 42% |
| Rafter strength | 61% | 90% | 96% |
| Post utilisation | 25% | 37% | 39% |
| Post utilisation П3 | 8% | 11% | 12% |
| Utilisation | 96% | 94% | 91% |
| Depth vs frost depth | ok | ok | ok |
| Bolt utilisation | 37% | 54% | 57% |
| Plate section | 6% | 9% | 9% |
| Not included | engineer to check | engineer to check | engineer to check |
| Checks overall | with a caution | with a caution | with a caution |
Checks and cautions
Member utilisation as the engine computes it. Cautions are checks that pass, but with a small margin.
- Embedment, mmThe footing resists wind uplift at above 80 % utilisation, or it is shallower than the frost depth. The soil resistance in the calculation is an estimate — check the soil on site.Kherson: Foundation Ø500 × 1 500: 0.295 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 23.0 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 24.0 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 96%.Cherkasy: Foundation Ø500 × 1 500: 0.295 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 22.5 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 24.0 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 94%.Chernihiv: Foundation Ø500 × 1 500: 0.295 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 22.0 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 24.0 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 91%.
- Stock length, mmKherson: Rafter 8 736 mm is longer than the 6 000 mm stock length — 2 pieces: Кр1а 3 620, Кр1б 5 116 mm. Splice — plate Н1 L 300 mm of the same profile, back to back, 2+2 bolts M10 cl. 8.8, at 3 620 mm from the lower end of the rafter, where the moment is small. Bolt: 6.59 kN vs 18.00 kN (37%), plate 6%. Rafter splice — engineer to check: the plate's eccentricity, the C-channel's torsion and the axial force are not included.Cherkasy: Rafter 8 736 mm is longer than the 6 000 mm stock length — 2 pieces: Кр1а 3 620, Кр1б 5 116 mm. Splice — plate Н1 L 300 mm of the same profile, back to back, 2+2 bolts M10 cl. 8.8, at 3 620 mm from the lower end of the rafter, where the moment is small. Bolt: 9.69 kN vs 18.00 kN (54%), plate 9%. Rafter splice — engineer to check: the plate's eccentricity, the C-channel's torsion and the axial force are not included.Chernihiv: Rafter 8 736 mm is longer than the 6 000 mm stock length — 2 pieces: Кр1а 3 620, Кр1б 5 116 mm. Splice — plate Н1 L 300 mm of the same profile, back to back, 2+2 bolts M10 cl. 8.8, at 3 620 mm from the lower end of the rafter, where the moment is small. Bolt: 10.34 kN vs 18.00 kN (57%), plate 9%. Rafter splice — engineer to check: the plate's eccentricity, the C-channel's torsion and the axial force are not included.
- Rafter profileThe rafter is used above 80 %, or the frame's posts stand far apart: the structure passes, but the margin is small.Cherkasy: Rafter · C-channel 100×50×2.5 · 3 posts, spans between posts 3 102 mm, cantilever 1 266 mm — continuous beam on 3 supports → strength 90%.Chernihiv: Rafter · C-channel 100×50×2.5 · 3 posts, spans between posts 3 102 mm, cantilever 1 266 mm — continuous beam on 3 supports → strength 96%.
Bill of materials
The parts of one table for the median zone (Cherkasy): mark, name, profile, cut length, quantity.
| Mark | Part | Profile | Length, mm | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| П1 | Front post | Tube 80×80×3 | 2,878 | 9 |
| П2 | Rear post | Tube 80×80×3 | 5,980 | 9 |
| П3 | Middle post | Tube 80×80×3 | 4,429 | 9 |
| Кр1а | Rafter (inclined beam) | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | 3,620 | 9 |
| Кр1б | Rafter (inclined beam) | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | 5,116 | 9 |
| Н1 | Rafter splice plate | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | 300 | 9 |
| Пк1 | Frame strut | C-channel 60×40×2 | 3,733 | 9 |
| Пк2 | Front frame strut | C-channel 60×40×2 | 2,359 | 9 |
| Х1 | Longitudinal brace (cross) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 4,135 | 4 |
| Р1 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 6,000 | 4 |
| Р2 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 6,000 | 4 |
| Р3 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 6,000 | 4 |
| Р4 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 6,000 | 4 |
| Р5 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 1,350 | 4 |
| Р6 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 1,350 | 4 |
| — | Bolt M10×100 / M10×25 set · frame and struts / purlins, braces, connectors | — | — | 75 |
| — | Bolt M10×120 set · purlin to rafter | — | — | 72 |
| — | Bolt M10×140 set · strut to post | — | — | 9 |
| — | Bolt M10×150 set · post–rafter, strut to rafter — through spacer inserts | — | — | 63 |
| — | Bolt M10×160 set · brace to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 8 |
| — | Bolt M10×200 set · strut to rafter — through spacer inserts | — | — | 9 |
| — | Bolt M10×25 set · rafter splice (plate Н1) | — | — | 36 |
| — | End clamp 33 mm | — | — | 16 |
| — | Mid clamp (30–40 mm) | — | — | 72 |
| — | Bolt M8×50 + channel nut | — | — | 88 |
| — | Concrete for 27 posts, Ø500×1500 | — | — | 8.75 m³ |
Profile cutting
75 bars of 6,000 mm, 379.1 m of profile in total.
- Tube 80×80×323 bars
- C-channel 100×50×2.518 bars
- C-channel 60×40×234 bars
Estimated cost
The engine's materials estimate for the median zone (Cherkasy).
- Materials
- 205,761₴
- With installation and delivery
- 275,338₴
- Per 1 kW
- 9,976UAH/kW
Prices are the typical market prices built into the Solispec engine, as of 06.10.2026; no margin, no VAT.
All 26 lines of the engine's estimate, with prices
| Item | Quantity | Price, UAH | Sum, UAH |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tube 80×80×3, stock length 6 000 mm | 23 bar | 420 | 57,960 |
| C-channel 100×50×2.5, stock length 6 000 mm | 18 bar | 380 | 41,040 |
| C-channel 60×40×2, stock length 6 000 mm | 34 bar | 230 | 46,920 |
| C-channel connector (splice plate L 300) | 16 pcs | 90 | 1,440 |
| Bolt M10×100 cl. 8.8 set — frame, struts | 9 pcs | 22 | 198 |
| Bolt M10×25 cl. 8.8 set — purlins, braces, connectors | 66 pcs | 22 | 1,452 |
| Bolt M10×120 cl. 8.8 set — purlin to rafter | 100 pcs | 27 | 2,700 |
| Bolt M10×140 cl. 8.8 set — strut to post | 9 pcs | 27 | 243 |
| Bolt M10×150 cl. 8.8 set — post–rafter, strut to rafter — through spacer inserts | 63 pcs | 27 | 1,701 |
| Bolt M10×160 cl. 8.8 set — brace to post — through spacer inserts | 8 pcs | 27 | 216 |
| Bolt M10×200 cl. 8.8 set — strut to rafter — through spacer inserts | 9 pcs | 27 | 243 |
| Bolt M10×25 cl. 8.8 set — rafter splice (plate Н1) | 36 pcs | 22 | 792 |
| End clamp 33 mm | 16 pcs | 35 | 560 |
| Mid clamp (30–40 mm) | 72 pcs | 32 | 2,304 |
| Bolt M8×50 A2 + spring channel nut M8 | 97 pcs | 14 | 1,358 |
| Post base anchor pin (M10 / rebar Ø12) | 27 pcs | 20 | 540 |
| Borehole casing (roofing felt / PVC, 300 mm) | 27 pcs | 60 | 1,620 |
| Crushed stone 20–40 for the bottom of the boreholes | 0.53 m³ | 900 | 477 |
| Earth electrode: 2 rods Ø16×1.5 m + strip 40×4 | 1 set | 1,500 | 1,500 |
| Wire PV-3 6 mm² green-yellow | 37 m | 35 | 1,295 |
| Module earthing clip (under the clamp) | 40 pcs | 20 | 800 |
| Cable clip, stainless | 120 pcs | 5 | 600 |
| Zinc paint / cold galvanising spray 400 ml | 4 pcs | 350 | 1,400 |
| Concrete M200 for posts | 8.75 m³ | 3,800 | 33,250 |
| Rebar Ø10 (4 bars per post) | 184 m | 28 | 5,152 |
| Spacer inserts / packs — pieces of the same profile (from offcuts): 18 × 80 mm, 4 × 61 mm, 4 × 20 mm | 26 pcs | 0 | 0 |
| Materials | 205,761 | ||
Yield
Yield: 1,139 kWh per 1 kW a year, ≈ 31,430 kWh a year in total (median zone, Cherkasy; tilt 30°, the optimum for the latitude is 35.3°).
A preliminary calculation; a design needs an engineer's check. Snow and wind per DBN V.1.2-2:2006 for the regional centre; profiles, footings and estimate by the Solispec engine 0.12.0.