Germany: solar plant site data

Solar power in Germany: yield in 193 cities

PVGIS data for 193 main cities: from 964 kWh/kWp (Flensburg) to 1,176 (Friedrichshafen), median 1,045; median optimal tilt 39°. The median is 6.2% lower than Kyiv’s (1,114).

Median, 1 kWp: 1,045kWh/year
Range: 964–1,176kWh/year
Optimal tilt: 39°median
Cities: 193with PVGIS data

Ground frame designer

A ground frame for a solar plant in Germany

Latitude 52.5°: the tilt and the row pitch follow it. Enter the snow and wind for Germany in the designer, by the national annex to the Eurocode.

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Drawings and estimate

Regions

Region	Cities	Median, kWh/kWp	Range
Baden-Württemberg	24	1,122	1,056–1,176
Rhineland-Palatinate	9	1,107	1,036–1,130
Bavaria	17	1,104	1,056–1,162
Saarland	1	1,081	1,081–1,081
Hesse	12	1,076	1,014–1,099
Saxony-Anhalt	3	1,069	1,063–1,078
Saxony	6	1,064	1,041–1,081
Thuringia	4	1,061	1,050–1,068
Brandenburg	4	1,059	1,041–1,074
Berlin	1	1,053	1,053–1,053
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania	5	1,032	994–1,038
North Rhine-Westphalia	79	1,021	979–1,096
Lower Saxony	20	1,011	976–1,053
Bremen	2	999	999–999
Hamburg	1	990	990–990
Schleswig-Holstein	5	976	964–998

Cities by yield

Main cities in Germany: yearly yield of 1 kWp and optimal tilt
Rank	City	kWh/kWp	Tilt
1	Friedrichshafen	1,176	38°
2	Kempten (Allgäu)	1,162	39°
3	Tübingen	1,146	39°
4	Villingen-Schwenningen	1,144	38°
5	Munich	1,141	39°
6	Ludwigsburg	1,137	39°
7	Konstanz	1,137	37°
8	Offenburg	1,137	38°
9	Karlsruhe	1,135	38°
10	Lahr	1,133	38°
11	Stuttgart	1,132	39°
12	Esslingen am Neckar	1,131	39°
13	Speyer	1,130	38°
14	Göppingen	1,129	38°
15	Augsburg	1,128	38°
16	Neu-Ulm	1,127	37°
17	Rosenheim	1,127	39°
18	Neustadt an der Weinstraße	1,126	37°
19	Sindelfingen	1,124	39°
20	Ingolstadt	1,122	37°
21	Landshut	1,121	37°
22	Freiburg im Breisgau	1,120	38°
23	Waiblingen	1,118	38°
24	Reutlingen	1,116	38°
25	Baden-Baden	1,115	38°
26	Ulm	1,115	37°
27	Regensburg	1,112	37°
28	Mainz	1,109	38°
29	Heilbronn	1,108	38°
30	Worms	1,108	38°
31	Mannheim	1,108	38°
32	Ludwigshafen am Rhein	1,107	38°
33	Würzburg	1,104	38°
34	Schwäbisch Gmünd	1,103	38°
35	Passau	1,101	37°
36	Bad Homburg	1,099	38°
37	Düren	1,096	40°
37	Rüsselsheim am Main	1,096	38°
39	Fürth	1,094	38°
40	Euskirchen	1,093	40°
41	Wiesbaden	1,092	38°
41	Aalen	1,092	37°
43	Offenbach am Main	1,090	38°
44	Schweinfurt	1,090	38°
45	Heidenheim	1,090	37°
46	Pforzheim	1,088	37°
47	Frankfurt am Main	1,082	38°
48	Saarbrücken	1,081	37°
49	Leipzig	1,081	40°
50	Görlitz	1,080	40°
51	Halle (Saale)	1,078	40°
52	Wetzlar	1,077	38°
53	Darmstadt	1,076	38°
54	Cottbus	1,074	40°
55	Hanau	1,072	38°
56	Kerpen	1,072	40°
57	Mönchengladbach	1,071	40°
57	Eschweiler	1,071	40°
59	Nuremberg	1,071	38°
60	Dresden	1,071	40°
61	Magdeburg	1,069	40°
62	Erlangen	1,068	38°
63	Gera	1,068	39°
64	Aschaffenburg	1,066	38°
64	Weimar	1,066	39°
66	Bergheim	1,065	40°
67	Bamberg	1,064	37°
67	Pulheim	1,064	40°
69	Kaiserslautern	1,063	37°
69	Dessau-Roßlau	1,063	40°
71	Viersen	1,063	40°
72	Frankfurt (Oder)	1,062	40°
73	Willich	1,061	39°
74	Giessen	1,060	38°
75	Trier	1,058	36°
76	Zwickau	1,057	39°
76	Hürth	1,057	39°
76	Frechen	1,057	40°
79	Heidelberg	1,056	37°
80	Jena	1,056	39°
80	Erftstadt	1,056	39°
82	Bayreuth	1,056	37°
83	Grevenbroich	1,056	39°
83	Brandenburg an der Havel	1,056	40°
85	Neuwied	1,055	38°
86	Aachen	1,054	39°
87	Lippstadt	1,053	40°
88	Wolfenbüttel	1,053	39°
89	Berlin	1,053	40°
90	Krefeld	1,051	40°
91	Erfurt	1,050	39°
92	Meerbusch	1,048	40°
93	Dormagen	1,048	39°
94	Neuss	1,047	39°
95	Salzgitter	1,046	39°
96	Fulda	1,046	38°
97	Cologne	1,045	39°
98	Bonn	1,043	39°
99	Chemnitz	1,042	39°
100	Potsdam	1,041	40°
101	Moers	1,041	40°
102	Plauen	1,041	38°
103	Hamm	1,040	40°
104	Neubrandenburg	1,038	40°
105	Wesel	1,038	39°
106	Unna	1,038	39°
107	Marburg	1,037	37°
108	Ahlen	1,036	39°
109	Koblenz	1,036	37°
110	Sankt Augustin	1,035	39°
111	Düsseldorf	1,034	39°
112	Bergkamen	1,034	39°
113	Rostock	1,033	40°
114	Braunschweig	1,033	39°
115	Wolfsburg	1,033	39°
115	Hildesheim	1,033	39°
117	Greifswald	1,032	40°
118	Stralsund	1,032	40°
119	Lünen	1,031	39°
119	Bocholt	1,031	39°
121	Stolberg (Rhld.)	1,028	38°
122	Castrop-Rauxel	1,027	39°
123	Langenfeld	1,027	39°
124	Münster	1,025	39°
125	Emden	1,024	40°
126	Essen	1,024	39°
126	Dortmund	1,024	39°
128	Cuxhaven	1,023	40°
129	Gelsenkirchen	1,022	39°
130	Troisdorf	1,022	39°
131	Dorsten	1,021	39°
132	Herne	1,021	39°
133	Ratingen	1,021	39°
134	Leverkusen	1,020	39°
135	Garbsen	1,020	40°
136	Bochum	1,020	39°
137	Bottrop	1,020	39°
138	Bad Salzuflen	1,019	39°
139	Mülheim an der Ruhr	1,019	39°
140	Recklinghausen	1,018	39°
141	Dinslaken	1,018	39°
142	Oberhausen	1,018	39°
143	Gütersloh	1,016	39°
144	Rheine	1,016	39°
145	Gladbeck	1,015	39°
146	Minden	1,015	39°
147	Marl	1,015	39°
148	Herten	1,014	39°
149	Hattingen	1,014	39°
150	Kassel	1,014	38°
151	Hanover	1,013	39°
152	Hamelin	1,013	39°
153	Duisburg	1,013	39°
153	Hilden	1,013	39°
155	Witten	1,012	39°
156	Gronau	1,011	39°
157	Velbert	1,011	39°
158	Herford	1,011	39°
159	Schwerte	1,010	39°
160	Langenhagen	1,009	39°
161	Osnabrück	1,008	39°
162	Nordhorn	1,008	39°
163	Göttingen	1,007	38°
164	Celle	1,006	39°
165	Paderborn	1,005	39°
166	Hagen	1,003	39°
166	Delmenhorst	1,003	40°
168	Bergisch Gladbach	1,003	38°
169	Detmold	1,002	39°
170	Menden	1,001	39°
171	Bremerhaven	999	40°
172	Bremen	999	40°
173	Ibbenbueren	998	39°
174	Lübeck	998	40°
175	Schwerin	994	40°
176	Wuppertal	992	38°
177	Lüneburg	991	39°
178	Solingen	990	38°
179	Hamburg	990	40°
179	Kiel	990	40°
181	Lingen	989	39°
182	Bielefeld	988	39°
183	Gummersbach	988	37°
184	Oldenburg	988	40°
185	Iserlohn	985	38°
186	Siegen	983	37°
187	Remscheid	982	38°
188	Lüdenscheid	981	38°
189	Arnsberg	979	38°
190	Wilhelmshaven	976	40°
191	Norderstedt	976	39°
192	Neumünster	969	39°
193	Flensburg	964	39°

Snow and wind loads

Snow and wind loads for a site in Germany follow DIN EN 1991-1-3/NA (snow load zone, Schneelastzone) and DIN EN 1991-1-4/NA (wind zone, Windzone). Solispec computes loads by the Ukrainian DBN V.1.2-2 only, so this page shows no snow or wind values for Germany: enter the characteristic values from these documents in the designer’s «Own snow S0» and «Own wind W0» fields.

The frame calculation for such a site is preliminary: before installation it must be checked by an engineer who works to the country’s standards.

How these numbers are obtained

Yields are PVGIS 5.3 (SARAH3 database) of the EU Joint Research Centre: 1 kWp of crystalline panels on a free-standing frame, 14% losses, the tilt and azimuth with the highest yearly yield, for the city’s coordinates. The row pitch is for a table of two portrait panels at the optimal tilt, free of shade from 10:00 to 14:00 solar time on 21 December — the designer computes it the same way. Cities come from GeoNames: every one with at least 50,000 people and every regional capital. Snow and wind are not shown on these pages: they follow the national annex to the Eurocode.

Europe: Poland, Germany, Spain

Yield, tilt and row spacing for the main cities, from PVGIS.

Sources

GeoNames (CC BY 4.0) — coordinates, elevation, population and divisions (changed)
Where to take snow and wind loads from: DIN EN 1991-1-3/NA, DIN EN 1991-1-4/NA
How these numbers are computed

Preliminary calculation: a design needs an engineer’s check.