Yingli
Ground frame for 40 Yingli PANDA 3.0 Mini YL440CF54e/2 panels (4×10)
4 rows of 10 panels, 17.60 kW. The Solispec engine chose the profiles, the frame pitch and the footings for three snow and wind zones: Kherson has the lowest load of the regional centres, Cherkasy the median, Chernihiv the highest.
- Power
- 17.60kW
- Steel
- 816.1kg
- Posts
- 16
- Bolts
- 290
- Materials
- 102,440₴
- Yield
- 20,043kWh/year
Figures for the median zone (Cherkasy); all three zones are in the table below.
Ground frame designer
Open this frame in the builder
The builder opens with the Yingli PANDA 3.0 Mini YL440CF54e/2 panel and the 4 × 10 layout; site — Cherkasy. Change the site, the tilt or the profiles and the checks and estimate are recalculated.
- No sign-up
- Snow and wind check
- Drawings and estimate
Three snow and wind zones
The same table designed for three regional centres: with the lowest, the median and the highest combined snow and wind load under DBN V.1.2-2:2006. For another site, open the frame in the builder.
| Parameter | Low loadKherson · S₀ 760 · W₀ 480 | Median loadCherkasy · S₀ 1,520 · W₀ 420 | High loadChernihiv · S₀ 1,720 · W₀ 410 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Posts | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 |
| Rafters | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | Tube 60×60×2 |
| Purlins and braces | C-channel 60×40×2 | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | C-channel 41×41×2.5 |
| Frames | 6 frames, pitch up to 2,200 mm | 8 frames, pitch up to 1,600 mm | 8 frames, pitch up to 1,600 mm |
| Posts | 12 | 16 | 24 |
| Footings (bored concrete) | 12 pcs, Ø500 mm, depth 1,500 mm | 16 pcs, Ø400 mm, depth 1,300 mm | 24 pcs, Ø350 mm, depth 1,500 mm |
| Concrete | 3.89 m³ | 2.88 m³ | 3.81 m³ |
| Tilt | 30° | 30° | 30° |
| Panel bottom / post top | 600 / 3,168 mm | 600 / 3,184 mm | 600 / 3,410 mm |
| Panel field size | 11,660 × 4,668 mm | 11,660 × 4,658 mm | 11,660 × 5,008 mm |
| Row spacing between tables (no shade on 21 December) | 15,590 mm at noon · 17,520 mm ±2 h | 17,270 mm at noon · 19,950 mm ±2 h | 18,930 mm at noon · 22,500 mm ±2 h |
| Steel | 691.7 kg | 816.1 kg | 893.1 kg |
| Bolts | M10 — 162, M8 — 88 | M10 — 202, M8 — 88 | M10 — 218, M8 — 88 |
| Panel clamps | end 16, middle 72 | end 16, middle 72 | end 16, middle 72 |
| Materials | 97,234 UAH | 102,440 UAH | 103,124 UAH |
| With installation and delivery | 142,181 UAH | 147,207 UAH | 148,526 UAH |
| Per 1 kW | 8,078 UAH/kW | 8,364 UAH/kW | 8,439 UAH/kW |
| Yield | 1,266 kWh/kW · 22,289 kWh/year | 1,139 kWh/kW · 20,043 kWh/year | 1,043 kWh/kW · 18,359 kWh/year |
| Strength σ/fy | 61% | 77% | 83% |
| Deflection / (L/200) | 53% | 61% | 65% |
| Rafter strength | 100% | 97% | 93% |
| Post utilisation | 48% | 47% | 56% |
| Utilisation | 97% | 94% | 94% |
| Depth vs frost depth | ok | ok | ok |
| Bolt utilisation | 38% | 37% | 20% |
| Plate section | 8% | 8% | 0% |
| Not included | engineer to check | engineer to check | engineer to check |
| Post utilisation П3 | — | — | 17% |
| Checks overall | with a caution | with a caution | with a caution |
Checks and cautions
Member utilisation as the engine computes it. Cautions are checks that pass, but with a small margin.
- Rafter profileThe rafter is used above 80 %, or the frame's posts stand far apart: the structure passes, but the margin is small.Kherson: Rafter C-channel 100×50×2.5: span between posts 3 705, cantilever 1 341 mm → strength 100%.Cherkasy: Rafter C-channel 100×50×2.5: span between posts 3 705, cantilever 1 341 mm → strength 97%.Chernihiv: Rafter · Tube 60×60×2 · 3 posts, spans between posts 2 268 mm, cantilever 926 mm — continuous beam on 3 supports → strength 93%.
- Embedment, mmThe footing resists wind uplift at above 80 % utilisation, or it is shallower than the frost depth. The soil resistance in the calculation is an estimate — check the soil on site.Kherson: Foundation Ø500 × 1 500: 0.295 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 23.3 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 24.0 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 97%.Cherkasy: Foundation Ø400 × 1 300: 0.163 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 14.9 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 15.8 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 94%.Chernihiv: Foundation Ø350 × 1 500: 0.144 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 14.5 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 15.5 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 94%.
- Stock length, mmKherson: Rafter 6 388 mm is longer than the 6 000 mm stock length — 2 pieces: Кр1а 6 000, Кр1б 388 mm. Splice — plate Н1 L 300 mm of the same profile, back to back, 2+2 bolts M10 cl. 8.8, at 6 000 mm from the lower end of the rafter, where the moment is small. Bolt: 6.80 kN vs 18.00 kN (38%), plate 8%. Rafter splice — engineer to check: the plate's eccentricity, the C-channel's torsion and the axial force are not included.Cherkasy: Rafter 6 388 mm is longer than the 6 000 mm stock length — 2 pieces: Кр1а 6 000, Кр1б 388 mm. Splice — plate Н1 L 300 mm of the same profile, back to back, 2+2 bolts M10 cl. 8.8, at 6 000 mm from the lower end of the rafter, where the moment is small. Bolt: 6.61 kN vs 18.00 kN (37%), plate 8%. Rafter splice — engineer to check: the plate's eccentricity, the C-channel's torsion and the axial force are not included.Chernihiv: Rafter 6 388 mm is longer than the 6 000 mm stock length — 2 pieces: Кр1а 4 980, Кр1б 1 408 mm. Splice — plate Н1 L 300 mm of the same profile, back to back, 2+2 bolts M10 cl. 8.8, at 4 980 mm from the lower end of the rafter, where the moment is small. Bolt: 4.40 kN vs 22.27 kN (20%), plate 0%. Rafter splice — engineer to check: the plate's eccentricity, the C-channel's torsion and the axial force are not included.
- Max. frame pitch, mmThe purlins between the frames are used above 80 % (strength or deflection): the structure passes, but the margin is small. A shorter frame pitch or a deeper purlin gives more margin.Chernihiv: Frame spacing 1 600 mm, 8 frames. Purlin C-channel 41×41×2.5: strength 83%, deflection 65% of L/200 (snow on panel 1 106 Pa).
Bill of materials
The parts of one table for the median zone (Cherkasy): mark, name, profile, cut length, quantity.
| Mark | Part | Profile | Length, mm | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| П1 | Front post | Tube 60×60×2 | 2,657 | 8 |
| П2 | Rear post | Tube 60×60×2 | 4,509 | 8 |
| Кр1а | Rafter (inclined beam) | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | 6,000 | 8 |
| Кр1б | Rafter (inclined beam) | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | 388 | 8 |
| Н1 | Rafter splice plate | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | 300 | 8 |
| Пк1 | Frame strut | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 2,620 | 8 |
| Пк2 | Front frame strut | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 3,499 | 8 |
| Х1 | Longitudinal brace (cross) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 3,005 | 4 |
| Р1 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 6,000 | 4 |
| Р2 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 6,000 | 4 |
| Р3 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 5,660 | 4 |
| Р4 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 5,660 | 4 |
| — | Bolt M10×80 / M10×25 set · frame and struts / purlins, braces, connectors | — | — | 40 |
| — | Bolt M10×65 set · brace crossing | — | — | 2 |
| — | Bolt M10×90 set · strut to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 8 |
| — | Bolt M10×110 set · brace to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 4 |
| — | Bolt M10×120 set · purlin to rafter | — | — | 64 |
| — | Bolt M10×130 set · post–rafter, strut to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 40 |
| — | Bolt M10×140 set · strut to rafter — through spacer inserts | — | — | 8 |
| — | Bolt M10×160 set · brace to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 4 |
| — | Bolt M10×25 set · rafter splice (plate Н1) | — | — | 32 |
| — | End clamp 30 mm | — | — | 16 |
| — | Mid clamp (30–40 mm) | — | — | 72 |
| — | Bolt M8×50 + channel nut | — | — | 88 |
| — | Concrete for 16 posts, Ø400×1300 | — | — | 2.88 m³ |
Profile cutting
51 bars of 6,000 mm, 265.1 m of profile in total.
- Tube 60×60×212 bars
- C-channel 100×50×2.59 bars
- C-channel 41×41×2.530 bars
Estimated cost
The engine's materials estimate for the median zone (Cherkasy).
- Materials
- 102,440₴
- With installation and delivery
- 147,207₴
- Per 1 kW
- 8,364UAH/kW
Prices are the typical market prices built into the Solispec engine, as of 06.10.2026; no margin, no VAT.
All 28 lines of the engine's estimate, with prices
| Item | Quantity | Price, UAH | Sum, UAH |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tube 60×60×2, stock length 6 000 mm | 12 bar | 210 | 15,120 |
| C-channel 100×50×2.5, stock length 6 000 mm | 9 bar | 380 | 20,520 |
| C-channel 41×41×2.5, stock length 6 000 mm | 30 bar | 200 | 36,000 |
| C-channel connector (splice plate L 300) | 8 pcs | 90 | 720 |
| Bolt M10×80 cl. 8.8 set — frame, struts | 8 pcs | 22 | 176 |
| Bolt M10×25 cl. 8.8 set — purlins, braces, connectors | 32 pcs | 22 | 704 |
| Bolt M10×65 cl. 8.8 set — brace crossing | 2 pcs | 27 | 54 |
| Bolt M10×90 cl. 8.8 set — strut to post — through spacer inserts | 8 pcs | 27 | 216 |
| Bolt M10×110 cl. 8.8 set — brace to post — through spacer inserts | 4 pcs | 27 | 108 |
| Bolt M10×120 cl. 8.8 set — purlin to rafter | 85 pcs | 27 | 2,295 |
| Bolt M10×130 cl. 8.8 set — post–rafter, strut to post — through spacer inserts | 40 pcs | 27 | 1,080 |
| Bolt M10×140 cl. 8.8 set — strut to rafter — through spacer inserts | 8 pcs | 27 | 216 |
| Bolt M10×160 cl. 8.8 set — brace to post — through spacer inserts | 4 pcs | 27 | 108 |
| Bolt M10×25 cl. 8.8 set — rafter splice (plate Н1) | 32 pcs | 22 | 704 |
| End clamp 30 mm | 16 pcs | 35 | 560 |
| Mid clamp (30–40 mm) | 72 pcs | 32 | 2,304 |
| Bolt M8×50 A2 + spring channel nut M8 | 97 pcs | 14 | 1,358 |
| Post base anchor pin (M10 / rebar Ø12) | 16 pcs | 20 | 320 |
| Borehole casing (roofing felt / PVC, 300 mm) | 16 pcs | 60 | 960 |
| Crushed stone 20–40 for the bottom of the boreholes | 0.20 m³ | 900 | 180 |
| Earth electrode: 2 rods Ø16×1.5 m + strip 40×4 | 1 set | 1,500 | 1,500 |
| Wire PV-3 6 mm² green-yellow | 33 m | 35 | 1,155 |
| Module earthing clip (under the clamp) | 40 pcs | 20 | 800 |
| Cable clip, stainless | 120 pcs | 5 | 600 |
| Zinc paint / cold galvanising spray 400 ml | 3 pcs | 350 | 1,050 |
| Concrete M200 for posts | 2.88 m³ | 3,800 | 10,944 |
| Rebar Ø10 (4 bars per post) | 96 m | 28 | 2,688 |
| Spacer inserts / packs — pieces of the same profile (from offcuts): 4 × 71 mm, 8 × 70 mm, 8 × 50 mm, 4 × 30 mm, 8 × 10 mm | 32 pcs | 0 | 0 |
| Materials | 102,440 | ||
Yield
Yield: 1,139 kWh per 1 kW a year, ≈ 20,043 kWh a year in total (median zone, Cherkasy; tilt 30°, the optimum for the latitude is 35.3°).
A preliminary calculation; a design needs an engineer's check. Snow and wind per DBN V.1.2-2:2006 for the regional centre; profiles, footings and estimate by the Solispec engine 0.12.0.