Yingli
Ground frame for 30 Yingli PANDA 3.0 Mini YL440CF54e/2 panels (2×15)
2 rows of 15 panels, 13.20 kW. The Solispec engine chose the profiles, the frame pitch and the footings for three snow and wind zones: Kherson has the lowest load of the regional centres, Cherkasy the median, Chernihiv the highest.
- Power
- 13.20kW
- Steel
- 466.7kg
- Posts
- 16
- Bolts
- 186
- Materials
- 57,588₴
- Yield
- 15,032kWh/year
Figures for the median zone (Cherkasy); all three zones are in the table below.
Ground frame designer
Open this frame in the builder
The builder opens with the Yingli PANDA 3.0 Mini YL440CF54e/2 panel and the 2 × 15 layout; site — Cherkasy. Change the site, the tilt or the profiles and the checks and estimate are recalculated.
- No sign-up
- Snow and wind check
- Drawings and estimate
Three snow and wind zones
The same table designed for three regional centres: with the lowest, the median and the highest combined snow and wind load under DBN V.1.2-2:2006. For another site, open the frame in the builder.
| Parameter | Low loadKherson · S₀ 760 · W₀ 480 | Median loadCherkasy · S₀ 1,520 · W₀ 420 | High loadChernihiv · S₀ 1,720 · W₀ 410 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Posts | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 |
| Rafters | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 |
| Purlins and braces | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | C-channel 60×40×2 | C-channel 60×40×2 |
| Frames | 9 frames, pitch up to 2,100 mm | 8 frames, pitch up to 2,390 mm | 8 frames, pitch up to 2,390 mm |
| Posts | 18 | 16 | 16 |
| Footings (bored concrete) | 18 pcs, Ø350 mm, depth 900 mm | 16 pcs, Ø300 mm, depth 1,100 mm | 16 pcs, Ø300 mm, depth 1,300 mm |
| Concrete | 1.71 m³ | 1.37 m³ | 1.62 m³ |
| Tilt | 30° | 30° | 30° |
| Panel bottom / post top | 600 / 1,826 mm | 600 / 1,809 mm | 600 / 1,809 mm |
| Panel field size | 17,430 × 2,265 mm | 17,430 × 2,274 mm | 17,430 × 2,274 mm |
| Row spacing between tables (no shade on 21 December) | 7,770 mm at noon · 8,740 mm ±2 h | 8,610 mm at noon · 9,950 mm ±2 h | 9,440 mm at noon · 11,220 mm ±2 h |
| Steel | 484.8 kg | 466.7 kg | 478.3 kg |
| Bolts | M10 — 132, M8 — 64 | M10 — 122, M8 — 64 | M10 — 122, M8 — 64 |
| Panel clamps | end 8, middle 56 | end 8, middle 56 | end 8, middle 56 |
| Materials | 57,619 UAH | 57,588 UAH | 58,874 UAH |
| With installation and delivery | 92,034 UAH | 92,008 UAH | 93,294 UAH |
| Per 1 kW | 6,972 UAH/kW | 6,970 UAH/kW | 7,068 UAH/kW |
| Yield | 1,266 kWh/kW · 16,717 kWh/year | 1,139 kWh/kW · 15,032 kWh/year | 1,043 kWh/kW · 13,769 kWh/year |
| Strength σ/fy | 91% | 90% | 97% |
| Deflection / (L/200) | 95% | 85% | 91% |
| Rafter strength | 34% | 53% | 57% |
| Post utilisation | 11% | 17% | 18% |
| Utilisation | 99% | 97% | 80% |
| Depth vs frost depth | ok | ok | ok |
| Checks overall | with a caution | with a caution | with a caution |
Checks and cautions
Member utilisation as the engine computes it. Cautions are checks that pass, but with a small margin.
- Max. frame pitch, mmThe purlins between the frames are used above 80 % (strength or deflection): the structure passes, but the margin is small. A shorter frame pitch or a deeper purlin gives more margin.Kherson: Frame spacing 2 100 mm, 9 frames. Purlin C-channel 41×41×2.5: strength 91%, deflection 95% of L/200 (snow on panel 489 Pa).Cherkasy: Frame spacing 2 390 mm, 8 frames. Purlin C-channel 60×40×2: strength 90%, deflection 85% of L/200 (snow on panel 977 Pa).Chernihiv: Frame spacing 2 390 mm, 8 frames. Purlin C-channel 60×40×2: strength 97%, deflection 91% of L/200 (snow on panel 1 106 Pa).
- Embedment, mmThe footing resists wind uplift at above 80 % utilisation, or it is shallower than the frost depth. The soil resistance in the calculation is an estimate — check the soil on site.Kherson: Foundation Ø350 × 900: 0.087 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 9.2 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 9.3 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 99%.Cherkasy: Foundation Ø300 × 1 100: 0.078 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 9.2 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 9.5 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 97%.Chernihiv: Foundation Ø300 × 1 300: 0.092 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 9.0 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 11.2 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 80%.
Bill of materials
The parts of one table for the median zone (Cherkasy): mark, name, profile, cut length, quantity.
| Mark | Part | Profile | Length, mm | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| П1 | Front post | Tube 60×60×2 | 2,092 | 8 |
| П2 | Rear post | Tube 60×60×2 | 2,934 | 8 |
| Кр1 | Rafter (inclined beam) | Tube 60×60×2 | 2,904 | 8 |
| Пк1 | Frame strut | C-channel 60×40×2 | 1,402 | 8 |
| Х1 | Longitudinal brace (cross) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 2,685 | 4 |
| Р1 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 6,000 | 2 |
| Р2 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 6,000 | 2 |
| Р3 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 6,000 | 2 |
| Р4 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 6,000 | 2 |
| Р5 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 5,430 | 2 |
| Р6 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 5,430 | 2 |
| — | Bolt M10×140 / M10×80 set · frame and struts / purlins, braces, connectors | — | — | 106 |
| — | Bolt M10×150 set · brace to post, strut to rafter — through spacer inserts | — | — | 16 |
| — | End clamp 30 mm | — | — | 8 |
| — | Mid clamp (30–40 mm) | — | — | 56 |
| — | Bolt M8×50 + channel nut | — | — | 64 |
| — | Concrete for 16 posts, Ø300×1100 | — | — | 1.37 m³ |
Profile cutting
28 bars of 6,000 mm, 155.1 m of profile in total.
- Tube 60×60×212 bars
- C-channel 60×40×216 bars
Estimated cost
The engine's materials estimate for the median zone (Cherkasy).
- Materials
- 57,588₴
- With installation and delivery
- 92,008₴
- Per 1 kW
- 6,970UAH/kW
Prices are the typical market prices built into the Solispec engine, as of 06.10.2026; no margin, no VAT.
All 20 lines of the engine's estimate, with prices
| Item | Quantity | Price, UAH | Sum, UAH |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tube 60×60×2, stock length 6 000 mm | 12 bar | 210 | 15,120 |
| C-channel 60×40×2, stock length 6 000 mm | 16 bar | 230 | 22,080 |
| C-channel connector (splice plate L 300) | 8 pcs | 90 | 720 |
| Bolt M10×140 cl. 8.8 set — frame, struts | 40 pcs | 22 | 880 |
| Bolt M10×80 cl. 8.8 set — purlins, braces, connectors | 79 pcs | 22 | 1,738 |
| Bolt M10×150 cl. 8.8 set — strut to rafter, brace to post — through spacer inserts | 16 pcs | 27 | 432 |
| End clamp 30 mm | 8 pcs | 35 | 280 |
| Mid clamp (30–40 mm) | 56 pcs | 32 | 1,792 |
| Bolt M8×50 A2 + spring channel nut M8 | 71 pcs | 14 | 994 |
| Post base anchor pin (M10 / rebar Ø12) | 16 pcs | 20 | 320 |
| Borehole casing (roofing felt / PVC, 300 mm) | 16 pcs | 60 | 960 |
| Crushed stone 20–40 for the bottom of the boreholes | 0.11 m³ | 900 | 99 |
| Earth electrode: 2 rods Ø16×1.5 m + strip 40×4 | 1 set | 1,500 | 1,500 |
| Wire PV-3 6 mm² green-yellow | 39 m | 35 | 1,365 |
| Module earthing clip (under the clamp) | 30 pcs | 20 | 600 |
| Cable clip, stainless | 90 pcs | 5 | 450 |
| Zinc paint / cold galvanising spray 400 ml | 2 pcs | 350 | 700 |
| Concrete M200 for posts | 1.37 m³ | 3,800 | 5,206 |
| Rebar Ø10 (4 bars per post) | 84 m | 28 | 2,352 |
| Spacer inserts / packs — pieces of the same profile (from offcuts): 4 × 71 mm, 8 × 70 mm, 4 × 30 mm, 8 × 10 mm | 24 pcs | 0 | 0 |
| Materials | 57,588 | ||
Yield
Yield: 1,139 kWh per 1 kW a year, ≈ 15,032 kWh a year in total (median zone, Cherkasy; tilt 30°, the optimum for the latitude is 35.3°).
A preliminary calculation; a design needs an engineer's check. Snow and wind per DBN V.1.2-2:2006 for the regional centre; profiles, footings and estimate by the Solispec engine 0.12.0.