Yingli
Ground frame for 30 Yingli PANDA 3.0 Mini YL440CF54e/2 panels (3×10)
3 rows of 10 panels, 13.20 kW. The Solispec engine chose the profiles, the frame pitch and the footings for three snow and wind zones: Kherson has the lowest load of the regional centres, Cherkasy the median, Chernihiv the highest.
- Power
- 13.20kW
- Steel
- 609.4kg
- Posts
- 16
- Bolts
- 212
- Materials
- 69,132₴
- Yield
- 15,032kWh/year
Figures for the median zone (Cherkasy); all three zones are in the table below.
Ground frame designer
Open this frame in the builder
The builder opens with the Yingli PANDA 3.0 Mini YL440CF54e/2 panel and the 3 × 10 layout; site — Cherkasy. Change the site, the tilt or the profiles and the checks and estimate are recalculated.
- No sign-up
- Snow and wind check
- Drawings and estimate
Three snow and wind zones
The same table designed for three regional centres: with the lowest, the median and the highest combined snow and wind load under DBN V.1.2-2:2006. For another site, open the frame in the builder.
| Parameter | Low loadKherson · S₀ 760 · W₀ 480 | Median loadCherkasy · S₀ 1,520 · W₀ 420 | High loadChernihiv · S₀ 1,720 · W₀ 410 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Posts | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 |
| Rafters | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 | C-channel 100×50×2.5 |
| Purlins and braces | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | C-channel 60×40×2 |
| Frames | 8 frames, pitch up to 1,600 mm | 8 frames, pitch up to 1,600 mm | 6 frames, pitch up to 2,200 mm |
| Posts | 16 | 16 | 12 |
| Footings (bored concrete) | 16 pcs, Ø400 mm, depth 1,100 mm | 16 pcs, Ø350 mm, depth 1,100 mm | 12 pcs, Ø350 mm, depth 1,500 mm |
| Concrete | 2.43 m³ | 1.86 m³ | 1.91 m³ |
| Tilt | 30° | 30° | 30° |
| Panel bottom / post top | 600 / 2,514 mm | 600 / 2,514 mm | 600 / 2,480 mm |
| Panel field size | 11,660 × 3,457 mm | 11,660 × 3,457 mm | 11,660 × 3,476 mm |
| Row spacing between tables (no shade on 21 December) | 11,680 mm at noon · 13,130 mm ±2 h | 12,940 mm at noon · 14,950 mm ±2 h | 14,190 mm at noon · 16,860 mm ±2 h |
| Steel | 609.4 kg | 609.4 kg | 536.6 kg |
| Bolts | M10 — 146, M8 — 66 | M10 — 146, M8 — 66 | M10 — 118, M8 — 66 |
| Panel clamps | end 12, middle 54 | end 12, middle 54 | end 12, middle 54 |
| Materials | 71,343 UAH | 69,132 UAH | 73,149 UAH |
| With installation and delivery | 105,785 UAH | 103,574 UAH | 107,159 UAH |
| Per 1 kW | 8,014 UAH/kW | 7,847 UAH/kW | 8,118 UAH/kW |
| Yield | 1,266 kWh/kW · 16,717 kWh/year | 1,139 kWh/kW · 15,032 kWh/year | 1,043 kWh/kW · 13,769 kWh/year |
| Strength σ/fy | 56% | 75% | 85% |
| Deflection / (L/200) | 44% | 59% | 73% |
| Rafter strength | 70% | 94% | 74% |
| Post utilisation | 18% | 25% | 36% |
| Utilisation | 88% | 91% | 89% |
| Depth vs frost depth | ok | ok | ok |
| Checks overall | with a caution | with a caution | with a caution |
Checks and cautions
Member utilisation as the engine computes it. Cautions are checks that pass, but with a small margin.
- Embedment, mmThe footing resists wind uplift at above 80 % utilisation, or it is shallower than the frost depth. The soil resistance in the calculation is an estimate — check the soil on site.Kherson: Foundation Ø400 × 1 100: 0.138 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 11.8 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 13.4 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 88%.Cherkasy: Foundation Ø350 × 1 100: 0.106 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 10.3 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 11.4 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 91%.Chernihiv: Foundation Ø350 × 1 500: 0.144 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 13.8 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 15.5 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 89%.
- Rafter profileThe rafter is used above 80 %, or the frame's posts stand far apart: the structure passes, but the margin is small.Cherkasy: Rafter Tube 60×60×2: span between posts 2 695, cantilever 976 mm → strength 94%.
- Max. frame pitch, mmThe purlins between the frames are used above 80 % (strength or deflection): the structure passes, but the margin is small. A shorter frame pitch or a deeper purlin gives more margin.Chernihiv: Frame spacing 2 200 mm, 6 frames. Purlin C-channel 60×40×2: strength 85%, deflection 73% of L/200 (snow on panel 1 106 Pa).
Bill of materials
The parts of one table for the median zone (Cherkasy): mark, name, profile, cut length, quantity.
| Mark | Part | Profile | Length, mm | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| П1 | Front post | Tube 60×60×2 | 2,291 | 8 |
| П2 | Rear post | Tube 60×60×2 | 3,639 | 8 |
| Кр1 | Rafter (inclined beam) | Tube 60×60×2 | 4,646 | 8 |
| Пк1 | Frame strut | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 2,022 | 8 |
| Пк2 | Front frame strut | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 2,653 | 8 |
| Х1 | Longitudinal brace (cross) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 2,469 | 4 |
| Р1 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 6,000 | 3 |
| Р2 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 6,000 | 3 |
| Р3 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 5,660 | 3 |
| Р4 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 5,660 | 3 |
| — | Bolt M10×140 / M10×80 set · frame and struts / purlins, braces, connectors | — | — | 130 |
| — | Bolt M10×110 set · brace to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 4 |
| — | Bolt M10×150 set · strut to rafter — through spacer inserts | — | — | 8 |
| — | Bolt M10×160 set · brace to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 4 |
| — | End clamp 30 mm | — | — | 12 |
| — | Mid clamp (30–40 mm) | — | — | 54 |
| — | Bolt M8×50 + channel nut | — | — | 66 |
| — | Concrete for 16 posts, Ø350×1100 | — | — | 1.86 m³ |
Profile cutting
38 bars of 6,000 mm, 201.8 m of profile in total.
- Tube 60×60×216 bars
- C-channel 41×41×2.522 bars
Estimated cost
The engine's materials estimate for the median zone (Cherkasy).
- Materials
- 69,132₴
- With installation and delivery
- 103,574₴
- Per 1 kW
- 7,847UAH/kW
Prices are the typical market prices built into the Solispec engine, as of 06.10.2026; no margin, no VAT.
All 22 lines of the engine's estimate, with prices
| Item | Quantity | Price, UAH | Sum, UAH |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tube 60×60×2, stock length 6 000 mm | 16 bar | 210 | 20,160 |
| C-channel 41×41×2.5, stock length 6 000 mm | 22 bar | 200 | 26,400 |
| C-channel connector (splice plate L 300) | 6 pcs | 90 | 540 |
| Bolt M10×140 cl. 8.8 set — frame, struts | 56 pcs | 22 | 1,232 |
| Bolt M10×80 cl. 8.8 set — purlins, braces, connectors | 89 pcs | 22 | 1,958 |
| Bolt M10×110 cl. 8.8 set — brace to post — through spacer inserts | 4 pcs | 27 | 108 |
| Bolt M10×150 cl. 8.8 set — strut to rafter — through spacer inserts | 8 pcs | 27 | 216 |
| Bolt M10×160 cl. 8.8 set — brace to post — through spacer inserts | 4 pcs | 27 | 108 |
| End clamp 30 mm | 12 pcs | 35 | 420 |
| Mid clamp (30–40 mm) | 54 pcs | 32 | 1,728 |
| Bolt M8×50 A2 + spring channel nut M8 | 73 pcs | 14 | 1,022 |
| Post base anchor pin (M10 / rebar Ø12) | 16 pcs | 20 | 320 |
| Borehole casing (roofing felt / PVC, 300 mm) | 16 pcs | 60 | 960 |
| Crushed stone 20–40 for the bottom of the boreholes | 0.15 m³ | 900 | 135 |
| Earth electrode: 2 rods Ø16×1.5 m + strip 40×4 | 1 set | 1,500 | 1,500 |
| Wire PV-3 6 mm² green-yellow | 33 m | 35 | 1,155 |
| Module earthing clip (under the clamp) | 30 pcs | 20 | 600 |
| Cable clip, stainless | 90 pcs | 5 | 450 |
| Zinc paint / cold galvanising spray 400 ml | 2 pcs | 350 | 700 |
| Concrete M200 for posts | 1.86 m³ | 3,800 | 7,068 |
| Rebar Ø10 (4 bars per post) | 84 m | 28 | 2,352 |
| Spacer inserts / packs — pieces of the same profile (from offcuts): 4 × 71 mm, 8 × 70 mm, 8 × 60 mm, 4 × 30 mm, 8 × 10 mm | 32 pcs | 0 | 0 |
| Materials | 69,132 | ||
Yield
Yield: 1,139 kWh per 1 kW a year, ≈ 15,032 kWh a year in total (median zone, Cherkasy; tilt 30°, the optimum for the latitude is 35.3°).
A preliminary calculation; a design needs an engineer's check. Snow and wind per DBN V.1.2-2:2006 for the regional centre; profiles, footings and estimate by the Solispec engine 0.12.0.