Yingli
Ground frame for 60 Yingli PANDA 3.0 Pro YL590CF72e/2 panels (3×20)
3 rows of 20 panels, 35.40 kW. The Solispec engine chose the profiles, the frame pitch and the footings for three snow and wind zones: Kherson has the lowest load of the regional centres, Cherkasy the median, Chernihiv the highest.
- Power
- 35.40kW
- Steel
- 1,511.6kg
- Posts
- 34
- Bolts
- 514
- Materials
- 180,476₴
- Yield
- 40,313kWh/year
Figures for the median zone (Cherkasy); all three zones are in the table below.
Ground frame designer
Open this frame in the builder
The builder opens with the Yingli PANDA 3.0 Pro YL590CF72e/2 panel and the 3 × 20 layout; site — Cherkasy. Change the site, the tilt or the profiles and the checks and estimate are recalculated.
- No sign-up
- Snow and wind check
- Drawings and estimate
Three snow and wind zones
The same table designed for three regional centres: with the lowest, the median and the highest combined snow and wind load under DBN V.1.2-2:2006. For another site, open the frame in the builder.
| Parameter | Low loadKherson · S₀ 760 · W₀ 480 | Median loadCherkasy · S₀ 1,520 · W₀ 420 | High loadChernihiv · S₀ 1,720 · W₀ 410 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Posts | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 |
| Rafters | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | Tube 60×60×2 |
| Purlins and braces | C-channel 60×40×2 | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | C-channel 60×40×2 |
| Frames | 11 frames, pitch up to 2,250 mm | 17 frames, pitch up to 1,420 mm | 13 frames, pitch up to 1,890 mm |
| Posts | 22 | 34 | 39 |
| Footings (bored concrete) | 22 pcs, Ø500 mm, depth 1,500 mm | 34 pcs, Ø350 mm, depth 1,300 mm | 39 pcs, Ø400 mm, depth 1,500 mm |
| Concrete | 7.13 m³ | 4.68 m³ | 8.09 m³ |
| Tilt | 30° | 30° | 30° |
| Panel bottom / post top | 600 / 3,101 mm | 600 / 3,118 mm | 600 / 3,315 mm |
| Panel field size | 23,200 × 4,552 mm | 23,200 × 4,542 mm | 23,200 × 4,883 mm |
| Row spacing between tables (no shade on 21 December) | 15,420 mm at noon · 17,340 mm ±2 h | 17,090 mm at noon · 19,740 mm ±2 h | 18,730 mm at noon · 22,260 mm ±2 h |
| Steel | 1,135.1 kg | 1,511.6 kg | 1,374.8 kg |
| Bolts | M10 — 280, M8 — 126 | M10 — 388, M8 — 126 | M10 — 342, M8 — 126 |
| Panel clamps | end 12, middle 114 | end 12, middle 114 | end 12, middle 114 |
| Materials | 160,271 UAH | 180,476 UAH | 175,524 UAH |
| With installation and delivery | 249,538 UAH | 269,148 UAH | 265,354 UAH |
| Per 1 kW | 7,049 UAH/kW | 7,603 UAH/kW | 7,496 UAH/kW |
| Yield | 1,266 kWh/kW · 44,832 kWh/year | 1,139 kWh/kW · 40,313 kWh/year | 1,043 kWh/kW · 36,927 kWh/year |
| Strength σ/fy | 84% | 80% | 85% |
| Deflection / (L/200) | 74% | 56% | 63% |
| Rafter strength | 91% | 77% | 99% |
| Post utilisation | 47% | 40% | 62% |
| Utilisation | 98% | 97% | 93% |
| Depth vs frost depth | ok | ok | ok |
| Bolt utilisation | 25% | 22% | 24% |
| Plate section | 5% | 4% | 11% |
| Not included | engineer to check | engineer to check | engineer to check |
| Post utilisation П3 | — | — | 19% |
| Checks overall | with a caution | with a caution | with a caution |
Checks and cautions
Member utilisation as the engine computes it. Cautions are checks that pass, but with a small margin.
- Max. frame pitch, mmThe purlins between the frames are used above 80 % (strength or deflection): the structure passes, but the margin is small. A shorter frame pitch or a deeper purlin gives more margin.Kherson: Frame spacing 2 250 mm, 11 frames. Purlin C-channel 60×40×2: strength 84%, deflection 74% of L/200 (snow on panel 489 Pa).Cherkasy: Frame spacing 1 420 mm, 17 frames. Purlin C-channel 41×41×2.5: strength 80%, deflection 56% of L/200 (snow on panel 977 Pa).Chernihiv: Frame spacing 1 890 mm, 13 frames. Purlin C-channel 60×40×2: strength 85%, deflection 63% of L/200 (snow on panel 1 106 Pa).
- Rafter profileThe rafter is used above 80 %, or the frame's posts stand far apart: the structure passes, but the margin is small.Kherson: Rafter C-channel 100×50×2.5: span between posts 3 511, cantilever 1 271 mm → strength 91%.Chernihiv: Rafter · Tube 60×60×2 · 3 posts, spans between posts 2 149 mm, cantilever 878 mm — continuous beam on 3 supports → strength 99%.
- Embedment, mmThe footing resists wind uplift at above 80 % utilisation, or it is shallower than the frost depth. The soil resistance in the calculation is an estimate — check the soil on site.Kherson: Foundation Ø500 × 1 500: 0.295 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 23.6 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 24.0 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 98%.Cherkasy: Foundation Ø350 × 1 300: 0.125 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 13.0 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 13.4 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 97%.Chernihiv: Foundation Ø400 × 1 500: 0.188 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 16.9 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 18.2 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 93%.
- Stock length, mmKherson: Rafter 6 054 mm is longer than the 6 000 mm stock length — 2 pieces: Кр1а 5 760, Кр1б 294 mm. Splice — plate Н1 L 300 mm of the same profile, back to back, 2+2 bolts M10 cl. 8.8, at 5 760 mm from the lower end of the rafter, where the moment is small. Bolt: 4.45 kN vs 18.00 kN (25%), plate 5%. Rafter splice — engineer to check: the plate's eccentricity, the C-channel's torsion and the axial force are not included.Cherkasy: Rafter 6 054 mm is longer than the 6 000 mm stock length — 2 pieces: Кр1а 300, Кр1б 5 754 mm. Splice — plate Н1 L 300 mm of the same profile, back to back, 2+2 bolts M10 cl. 8.8, at 300 mm from the lower end of the rafter, where the moment is small. Bolt: 3.87 kN vs 18.00 kN (22%), plate 4%. Rafter splice — engineer to check: the plate's eccentricity, the C-channel's torsion and the axial force are not included.Chernihiv: Rafter 6 054 mm is longer than the 6 000 mm stock length — 2 pieces: Кр1а 5 760, Кр1б 294 mm. Splice — plate Н1 L 300 mm of the same profile, back to back, 2+2 bolts M10 cl. 8.8, at 5 760 mm from the lower end of the rafter, where the moment is small. Bolt: 5.35 kN vs 22.27 kN (24%), plate 11%. Rafter splice — engineer to check: the plate's eccentricity, the C-channel's torsion and the axial force are not included.
Bill of materials
The parts of one table for the median zone (Cherkasy): mark, name, profile, cut length, quantity.
| Mark | Part | Profile | Length, mm | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| П1 | Front post | Tube 60×60×2 | 2,687 | 17 |
| П2 | Rear post | Tube 60×60×2 | 4,443 | 17 |
| Кр1а | Rafter (inclined beam) | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | 300 | 17 |
| Кр1б | Rafter (inclined beam) | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | 5,754 | 17 |
| Н1 | Rafter splice plate | C-channel 100×50×2.5 | 300 | 17 |
| Пк1 | Frame strut | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 2,554 | 17 |
| Пк2 | Front frame strut | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 3,382 | 17 |
| Х1 | Longitudinal brace (cross) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 2,854 | 4 |
| Р1 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 6,000 | 3 |
| Р2 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 6,000 | 3 |
| Р3 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 6,000 | 3 |
| Р4 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 6,000 | 3 |
| Р5 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 6,000 | 3 |
| Р6 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 6,000 | 3 |
| Р7 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 5,200 | 3 |
| Р8 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 5,200 | 3 |
| — | Bolt M10×80 / M10×25 set · frame and struts / purlins, braces, connectors | — | — | 89 |
| — | Bolt M10×65 set · brace crossing | — | — | 2 |
| — | Bolt M10×90 set · strut to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 17 |
| — | Bolt M10×110 set · brace to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 4 |
| — | Bolt M10×120 set · purlin to rafter | — | — | 102 |
| — | Bolt M10×130 set · post–rafter, strut to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 85 |
| — | Bolt M10×140 set · strut to rafter — through spacer inserts | — | — | 17 |
| — | Bolt M10×160 set · brace to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 4 |
| — | Bolt M10×25 set · rafter splice (plate Н1) | — | — | 68 |
| — | End clamp 30 mm | — | — | 12 |
| — | Mid clamp (30–40 mm) | — | — | 114 |
| — | Bolt M8×50 + channel nut | — | — | 126 |
| — | Concrete for 34 posts, Ø350×1300 | — | — | 4.68 m³ |
Profile cutting
88 bars of 6,000 mm, 480.8 m of profile in total.
- Tube 60×60×226 bars
- C-channel 100×50×2.519 bars
- C-channel 41×41×2.543 bars
Estimated cost
The engine's materials estimate for the median zone (Cherkasy).
- Materials
- 180,476₴
- With installation and delivery
- 269,148₴
- Per 1 kW
- 7,603UAH/kW
Prices are the typical market prices built into the Solispec engine, as of 06.10.2026; no margin, no VAT.
All 28 lines of the engine's estimate, with prices
| Item | Quantity | Price, UAH | Sum, UAH |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tube 60×60×2, stock length 6 000 mm | 26 bar | 210 | 32,760 |
| C-channel 100×50×2.5, stock length 6 000 mm | 19 bar | 380 | 43,320 |
| C-channel 41×41×2.5, stock length 6 000 mm | 43 bar | 200 | 51,600 |
| C-channel connector (splice plate L 300) | 18 pcs | 90 | 1,620 |
| Bolt M10×80 cl. 8.8 set — frame, struts | 17 pcs | 22 | 374 |
| Bolt M10×25 cl. 8.8 set — purlins, braces, connectors | 72 pcs | 22 | 1,584 |
| Bolt M10×65 cl. 8.8 set — brace crossing | 2 pcs | 27 | 54 |
| Bolt M10×90 cl. 8.8 set — strut to post — through spacer inserts | 17 pcs | 27 | 459 |
| Bolt M10×110 cl. 8.8 set — brace to post — through spacer inserts | 4 pcs | 27 | 108 |
| Bolt M10×120 cl. 8.8 set — purlin to rafter | 141 pcs | 27 | 3,807 |
| Bolt M10×130 cl. 8.8 set — post–rafter, strut to post — through spacer inserts | 85 pcs | 27 | 2,295 |
| Bolt M10×140 cl. 8.8 set — strut to rafter — through spacer inserts | 17 pcs | 27 | 459 |
| Bolt M10×160 cl. 8.8 set — brace to post — through spacer inserts | 4 pcs | 27 | 108 |
| Bolt M10×25 cl. 8.8 set — rafter splice (plate Н1) | 68 pcs | 22 | 1,496 |
| End clamp 30 mm | 12 pcs | 35 | 420 |
| Mid clamp (30–40 mm) | 114 pcs | 32 | 3,648 |
| Bolt M8×50 A2 + spring channel nut M8 | 139 pcs | 14 | 1,946 |
| Post base anchor pin (M10 / rebar Ø12) | 34 pcs | 20 | 680 |
| Borehole casing (roofing felt / PVC, 300 mm) | 34 pcs | 60 | 2,040 |
| Crushed stone 20–40 for the bottom of the boreholes | 0.33 m³ | 900 | 297 |
| Earth electrode: 2 rods Ø16×1.5 m + strip 40×4 | 1 set | 1,500 | 1,500 |
| Wire PV-3 6 mm² green-yellow | 63 m | 35 | 2,205 |
| Module earthing clip (under the clamp) | 60 pcs | 20 | 1,200 |
| Cable clip, stainless | 180 pcs | 5 | 900 |
| Zinc paint / cold galvanising spray 400 ml | 6 pcs | 350 | 2,100 |
| Concrete M200 for posts | 4.68 m³ | 3,800 | 17,784 |
| Rebar Ø10 (4 bars per post) | 204 m | 28 | 5,712 |
| Spacer inserts / packs — pieces of the same profile (from offcuts): 4 × 71 mm, 17 × 70 mm, 17 × 50 mm, 4 × 30 mm, 17 × 10 mm | 59 pcs | 0 | 0 |
| Materials | 180,476 | ||
Yield
Yield: 1,139 kWh per 1 kW a year, ≈ 40,313 kWh a year in total (median zone, Cherkasy; tilt 30°, the optimum for the latitude is 35.3°).
A preliminary calculation; a design needs an engineer's check. Snow and wind per DBN V.1.2-2:2006 for the regional centre; profiles, footings and estimate by the Solispec engine 0.12.0.