Trina
Ground frame for 10 Trina Vertex S+ TSM-445NEG9R.28 panels (2×5)
2 rows of 5 panels, 4.45 kW. The Solispec engine chose the profiles, the frame pitch and the footings for three snow and wind zones: Kherson has the lowest load of the regional centres, Cherkasy the median, Chernihiv the highest.
- Power
- 4.45kW
- Steel
- 203.1kg
- Posts
- 8
- Bolts
- 74
- Materials
- 26,201₴
- Yield
- 5,068kWh/year
Figures for the median zone (Cherkasy); all three zones are in the table below.
Ground frame designer
Open this frame in the builder
The builder opens with the Trina Vertex S+ TSM-445NEG9R.28 panel and the 2 × 5 layout; site — Cherkasy. Change the site, the tilt or the profiles and the checks and estimate are recalculated.
- No sign-up
- Snow and wind check
- Drawings and estimate
Three snow and wind zones
The same table designed for three regional centres: with the lowest, the median and the highest combined snow and wind load under DBN V.1.2-2:2006. For another site, open the frame in the builder.
| Parameter | Low loadKherson · S₀ 760 · W₀ 480 | Median loadCherkasy · S₀ 1,520 · W₀ 420 | High loadChernihiv · S₀ 1,720 · W₀ 410 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Posts | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 |
| Rafters | C-channel 60×40×2 | C-channel 60×40×2 | C-channel 60×40×2 |
| Purlins and braces | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | C-channel 41×41×2.5 |
| Frames | 4 frames, pitch up to 1,780 mm | 4 frames, pitch up to 1,780 mm | 4 frames, pitch up to 1,780 mm |
| Posts | 8 | 8 | 8 |
| Footings (bored concrete) | 8 pcs, Ø300 mm, depth 1,100 mm | 8 pcs, Ø300 mm, depth 1,100 mm | 8 pcs, Ø300 mm, depth 1,300 mm |
| Concrete | 0.68 m³ | 0.68 m³ | 0.81 m³ |
| Tilt | 30° | 30° | 30° |
| Panel bottom / post top | 600 / 1,854 mm | 600 / 1,854 mm | 600 / 1,854 mm |
| Panel field size | 5,890 × 2,314 mm | 5,890 × 2,314 mm | 5,890 × 2,314 mm |
| Row spacing between tables (no shade on 21 December) | 7,950 mm at noon · 8,940 mm ±2 h | 8,810 mm at noon · 10,180 mm ±2 h | 9,660 mm at noon · 11,480 mm ±2 h |
| Steel | 203.1 kg | 203.1 kg | 208.8 kg |
| Bolts | M10 — 50, M8 — 24 | M10 — 50, M8 — 24 | M10 — 50, M8 — 24 |
| Panel clamps | end 8, middle 16 | end 8, middle 16 | end 8, middle 16 |
| Materials | 26,201 UAH | 26,201 UAH | 26,863 UAH |
| With installation and delivery | 38,546 UAH | 38,546 UAH | 39,208 UAH |
| Per 1 kW | 8,662 UAH/kW | 8,662 UAH/kW | 8,811 UAH/kW |
| Yield | 1,266 kWh/kW · 5,636 kWh/year | 1,139 kWh/kW · 5,068 kWh/year | 1,043 kWh/kW · 4,642 kWh/year |
| Strength σ/fy | 67% | 92% | 99% |
| Deflection / (L/200) | 59% | 81% | 87% |
| Rafter strength | 46% | 64% | 68% |
| Post utilisation | 9% | 13% | 14% |
| Utilisation | 85% | 75% | 62% |
| Depth vs frost depth | ok | ok | ok |
| Checks overall | with a caution | with a caution | with a caution |
Checks and cautions
Member utilisation as the engine computes it. Cautions are checks that pass, but with a small margin.
- Embedment, mmThe footing resists wind uplift at above 80 % utilisation, or it is shallower than the frost depth. The soil resistance in the calculation is an estimate — check the soil on site.Kherson: Foundation Ø300 × 1 100: 0.078 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 8.1 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 9.5 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 85%.
- Max. frame pitch, mmThe purlins between the frames are used above 80 % (strength or deflection): the structure passes, but the margin is small. A shorter frame pitch or a deeper purlin gives more margin.Cherkasy: Frame spacing 1 780 mm, 4 frames. Purlin C-channel 41×41×2.5: strength 92%, deflection 81% of L/200 (snow on panel 977 Pa).Chernihiv: Frame spacing 1 780 mm, 4 frames. Purlin C-channel 41×41×2.5: strength 99%, deflection 87% of L/200 (snow on panel 1 106 Pa).
Bill of materials
The parts of one table for the median zone (Cherkasy): mark, name, profile, cut length, quantity.
| Mark | Part | Profile | Length, mm | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| П1 | Front post | Tube 60×60×2 | 2,120 | 4 |
| П2 | Rear post | Tube 60×60×2 | 2,979 | 4 |
| Кр1 | Rafter (inclined beam) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 2,964 | 4 |
| Пк1 | Frame strut | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 1,441 | 4 |
| Х1 | Longitudinal brace (cross) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 2,172 | 4 |
| Р1 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 41×41×2.5 | 5,890 | 4 |
| — | Bolt M10×65 set · brace crossing | — | — | 2 |
| — | Bolt M10×80 set · purlin to rafter | — | — | 16 |
| — | Bolt M10×90 set · strut to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 4 |
| — | Bolt M10×110 set · brace to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 4 |
| — | Bolt M10×130 set · post–rafter — through spacer inserts | — | — | 16 |
| — | Bolt M10×140 set · strut to rafter — through spacer inserts | — | — | 4 |
| — | Bolt M10×160 set · brace to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 4 |
| — | End clamp 30 mm | — | — | 8 |
| — | Mid clamp (30–40 mm) | — | — | 16 |
| — | Bolt M8×50 + channel nut | — | — | 24 |
| — | Concrete for 8 posts, Ø300×1100 | — | — | 0.68 m³ |
Profile cutting
13 bars of 6,000 mm, 70.3 m of profile in total.
- Tube 60×60×24 bars
- C-channel 60×40×22 bars
- C-channel 41×41×2.57 bars
Estimated cost
The engine's materials estimate for the median zone (Cherkasy).
- Materials
- 26,201₴
- With installation and delivery
- 38,546₴
- Per 1 kW
- 8,662UAH/kW
The engine's estimate has 24 lines; the full list is in the builder. Prices are the typical market prices built into the Solispec engine, as of 06.10.2026; no margin, no VAT.
Yield
Yield: 1,139 kWh per 1 kW a year, ≈ 5,068 kWh a year in total (median zone, Cherkasy; tilt 30°, the optimum for the latitude is 35.3°).
A preliminary calculation; a design needs an engineer's check. Snow and wind per DBN V.1.2-2:2006 for the regional centre; profiles, footings and estimate by the Solispec engine 0.12.0.