Trina
Ground frame for 30 Trina Vertex S+ TSM-445NEG9R.28 panels (2×15)
2 rows of 15 panels, 13.35 kW. The Solispec engine chose the profiles, the frame pitch and the footings for three snow and wind zones: Kherson has the lowest load of the regional centres, Cherkasy the median, Chernihiv the highest.
- Power
- 13.35kW
- Steel
- 458.1kg
- Posts
- 16
- Bolts
- 186
- Materials
- 59,714₴
- Yield
- 15,203kWh/year
Figures for the median zone (Cherkasy); all three zones are in the table below.
Ground frame designer
Open this frame in the builder
The builder opens with the Trina Vertex S+ TSM-445NEG9R.28 panel and the 2 × 15 layout; site — Cherkasy. Change the site, the tilt or the profiles and the checks and estimate are recalculated.
- No sign-up
- Snow and wind check
- Drawings and estimate
Three snow and wind zones
The same table designed for three regional centres: with the lowest, the median and the highest combined snow and wind load under DBN V.1.2-2:2006. For another site, open the frame in the builder.
| Parameter | Low loadKherson · S₀ 760 · W₀ 480 | Median loadCherkasy · S₀ 1,520 · W₀ 420 | High loadChernihiv · S₀ 1,720 · W₀ 410 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Posts | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 | Tube 60×60×2 |
| Rafters | C-channel 60×40×2 | C-channel 60×40×2 | C-channel 60×40×2 |
| Purlins and braces | C-channel 60×40×2 | C-channel 60×40×2 | C-channel 60×40×2 |
| Frames | 8 frames, pitch up to 2,390 mm | 8 frames, pitch up to 2,390 mm | 8 frames, pitch up to 2,390 mm |
| Posts | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| Footings (bored concrete) | 16 pcs, Ø400 mm, depth 900 mm | 16 pcs, Ø300 mm, depth 1,300 mm | 16 pcs, Ø300 mm, depth 1,300 mm |
| Concrete | 1.99 m³ | 1.62 m³ | 1.62 m³ |
| Tilt | 30° | 30° | 30° |
| Panel bottom / post top | 600 / 1,838 mm | 600 / 1,838 mm | 600 / 1,838 mm |
| Panel field size | 17,430 × 2,324 mm | 17,430 × 2,324 mm | 17,430 × 2,324 mm |
| Row spacing between tables (no shade on 21 December) | 7,950 mm at noon · 8,940 mm ±2 h | 8,810 mm at noon · 10,180 mm ±2 h | 9,660 mm at noon · 11,480 mm ±2 h |
| Steel | 435.0 kg | 458.1 kg | 458.1 kg |
| Bolts | M10 — 122, M8 — 64 | M10 — 122, M8 — 64 | M10 — 122, M8 — 64 |
| Panel clamps | end 8, middle 56 | end 8, middle 56 | end 8, middle 56 |
| Materials | 59,241 UAH | 59,714 UAH | 59,714 UAH |
| With installation and delivery | 93,676 UAH | 94,149 UAH | 94,149 UAH |
| Per 1 kW | 7,017 UAH/kW | 7,052 UAH/kW | 7,052 UAH/kW |
| Yield | 1,266 kWh/kW · 16,907 kWh/year | 1,139 kWh/kW · 15,203 kWh/year | 1,043 kWh/kW · 13,926 kWh/year |
| Strength σ/fy | 67% | 93% | 100% |
| Deflection / (L/200) | 63% | 87% | 94% |
| Rafter strength | 62% | 85% | 92% |
| Post utilisation | 13% | 17% | 19% |
| Utilisation | 99% | 85% | 83% |
| Depth vs frost depth | ok | ok | ok |
| Checks overall | with a caution | with a caution | with a caution |
Checks and cautions
Member utilisation as the engine computes it. Cautions are checks that pass, but with a small margin.
- Embedment, mmThe footing resists wind uplift at above 80 % utilisation, or it is shallower than the frost depth. The soil resistance in the calculation is an estimate — check the soil on site.Kherson: Foundation Ø400 × 900: 0.113 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 10.8 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 10.9 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 99%.Cherkasy: Foundation Ø300 × 1 300: 0.092 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 9.5 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 11.2 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 85%.Chernihiv: Foundation Ø300 × 1 300: 0.092 m³ of concrete per post. Wind uplift on the front post ≈ 9.2 kN (with γ=1.5) vs ≈ 11.2 kN (concrete weight + soil friction, estimate) → 83%.
- Max. frame pitch, mmThe purlins between the frames are used above 80 % (strength or deflection): the structure passes, but the margin is small. A shorter frame pitch or a deeper purlin gives more margin.Cherkasy: Frame spacing 2 390 mm, 8 frames. Purlin C-channel 60×40×2: strength 93%, deflection 87% of L/200 (snow on panel 977 Pa).Chernihiv: Frame spacing 2 390 mm, 8 frames. Purlin C-channel 60×40×2: strength 100%, deflection 94% of L/200 (snow on panel 1 106 Pa).
- Rafter profileThe rafter is used above 80 %, or the frame's posts stand far apart: the structure passes, but the margin is small.Cherkasy: Rafter C-channel 60×40×2: span between posts 1 719, cantilever 622 mm → strength 85%.Chernihiv: Rafter C-channel 60×40×2: span between posts 1 719, cantilever 622 mm → strength 92%.
Bill of materials
The parts of one table for the median zone (Cherkasy): mark, name, profile, cut length, quantity.
| Mark | Part | Profile | Length, mm | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| П1 | Front post | Tube 60×60×2 | 2,303 | 8 |
| П2 | Rear post | Tube 60×60×2 | 3,163 | 8 |
| Кр1 | Rafter (inclined beam) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 2,964 | 8 |
| Пк1 | Frame strut | C-channel 60×40×2 | 1,427 | 8 |
| Х1 | Longitudinal brace (cross) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 2,697 | 4 |
| Р1 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 6,000 | 2 |
| Р2 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 6,000 | 2 |
| Р3 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 6,000 | 2 |
| Р4 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 6,000 | 2 |
| Р5 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 5,430 | 2 |
| Р6 | Purlin (rail) | C-channel 60×40×2 | 5,430 | 2 |
| — | Bolt M10×25 set · purlins, braces, connectors | — | — | 34 |
| — | Bolt M10×80 set · purlin to rafter | — | — | 32 |
| — | Bolt M10×90 set · strut to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 8 |
| — | Bolt M10×130 set · post–rafter — through spacer inserts | — | — | 32 |
| — | Bolt M10×140 set · strut to rafter — through spacer inserts | — | — | 8 |
| — | Bolt M10×150 set · brace to post — through spacer inserts | — | — | 8 |
| — | End clamp 30 mm | — | — | 8 |
| — | Mid clamp (30–40 mm) | — | — | 56 |
| — | Bolt M8×50 + channel nut | — | — | 64 |
| — | Concrete for 16 posts, Ø300×1300 | — | — | 1.62 m³ |
Profile cutting
28 bars of 6,000 mm, 159.4 m of profile in total.
- Tube 60×60×28 bars
- C-channel 60×40×220 bars
Estimated cost
The engine's materials estimate for the median zone (Cherkasy).
- Materials
- 59,714₴
- With installation and delivery
- 94,149₴
- Per 1 kW
- 7,052UAH/kW
The engine's estimate has 23 lines; the full list is in the builder. Prices are the typical market prices built into the Solispec engine, as of 06.10.2026; no margin, no VAT.
Yield
Yield: 1,139 kWh per 1 kW a year, ≈ 15,203 kWh a year in total (median zone, Cherkasy; tilt 30°, the optimum for the latitude is 35.3°).
A preliminary calculation; a design needs an engineer's check. Snow and wind per DBN V.1.2-2:2006 for the regional centre; profiles, footings and estimate by the Solispec engine 0.12.0.