Choose the roof covering, the rafter spacing and the roof pitch — the calculator picks the distance between attachments (every N-th rafter), the load per attachment and checks the rail.
Roof covering Metal tile Clay tile Concrete tile Bitumen shingle Trapezoidal sheet Standing seam Slate (asbestos) Onduline Rafter spacing, mm Roof pitch Panel size 2350×1100 · 550 W · standard 1722×1134 · 435 W · Jinko Tiger Neo 54HL4 1755×1038 · 375 W · LONGi Hi-MO 4m LR4-60HPH 1762×1134 · 465 W · Jinko Tiger Neo 3 48QL6 2094×1038 · 455 W · LONGi Hi-MO 4m LR4-72HPH 2172×1303 · 600 W · Trina Vertex TSM-DE20 2278×1134 · 580 W · Jinko Tiger Neo 72HL4 2382×1134 · 620 W · LONGi Hi-MO 7 2384×1303 · 720 W · Trina Vertex N 720 2465×1134 · 650 W · JA Solar DeepBlue 4.0 Pro JAM72D42 Aiko Neostar 2P 54 · 455 W · 1757×1134 Aiko Neostar 2P AIKO-A460-MAH54Mw · 460 W · 1757×1134 Aiko Comet 2N AIKO-A620-MAH72Mw · 620 W · 2323×1134 Aiko Stellar 1N+ AIKO-G640-MCH72Dw (dual glass) · 640 W · 2382×1134 Aiko Stellar AIKO-G650-MCH72Mw · 650 W · 2382×1134 Astronergy ASTRO N5 CHSM54N-HC-435 · 435 W · 1722×1134 Astronergy ASTRO N7s CHSM48RN(DG)/F-BH-460 · 460 W · 1762×1134 Astronergy ASTRO N7s CHSM54RN(DG)/F-BH-520 · 520 W · 1961×1134 Astronergy ASTRO N5 CHSM72N-HC-590 · 590 W · 2278×1134 Astronergy ASTRO N5 CHSM72N(DG)/F-BH-590 · 590 W · 2278×1134 Astronergy ASTRO N7 CHSM66RN · 625 W · 2382×1134 Astronergy ASTRO N7 CHSM66RN(DG)/F-BH-640 · 640 W · 2382×1134 Astronergy ASTRO N7 Pro CHSM66RN(DG)/F-BQ-660 · 660 W · 2382×1134 Astronergy ASTRO N8 CHSM66N(DG)/F-BH-720 · 720 W · 2384×1303 Axitec AXIbiperfect GL WB AC-450TGBL/108WB · 450 W · 1762×1134 Axitec AXIbiperfect GQ WS AC-630TGB/132WS · 630 W · 2382×1134 Canadian Solar HiKu7 CS7N · 665 W · 2384×1303 Canadian Solar TOPHiKu6 CS6.2-48TD-450 (All-Black) · 450 W · 1762×1134 Canadian Solar TOPHiKu6 CS6.2-54TD-530 · 530 W · 1961×1134 Canadian Solar TOPHiKu6 CS6.2-66TM-620 · 620 W · 2382×1134 Canadian Solar HiHero CS6.2-66HB-640 (HJT) · 640 W · 2382×1134 Canadian Solar TOPBiHiKu6 CS6.3-66TB-655 (TOPCon Gen3) · 655 W · 2382×1134 Canadian Solar TOPBiHiKu7 CS7N-705TB-AG · 705 W · 2384×1303 DAS Solar D-Mini DAS-DH108NA-440 · 440 W · 1722×1134 DAS Solar DAS-DH144NA-585 · 585 W · 2278×1134 DMEGC Infinity RT DM440M10RT-54HBB · 440 W · 1762×1134 DMEGC Infinity RT DM450M10RT-B54HBB · 450 W · 1762×1134 DMEGC Infinity RT DM620G12RT-B66HSW · 620 W · 2382×1134 GCL-NT10R/54GDF 440 · 440 W · 1762×1134 GCL-NT10/72GDF 590 · 590 W · 2278×1134 GCL-NT10/78GDF 640 · 640 W · 2465×1134 Huasun Himalaya G10 HS-182-B108DS440 (HJT) · 440 W · 1722×1134 · ⚠ not verified Huasun Himalaya G12 HS-210-B132DS720 (HJT) · 720 W · 2384×1303 Hyundai HiN-T440NF(BK) (TOPCon, full black) · 440 W · 1722×1134 · ⚠ not verified Hyundai HiT-T630CH (TOPCon) · 630 W · 2382×1134 · ⚠ not verified JA Solar JAM54S30 · 410 W · 1722×1134 JA Solar JAM54D40 LB · 460 W · 1762×1134 JA Solar JAM72S30 · 545 W · 2279×1134 JA Solar JAM72D40 LB · 590 W · 2333×1134 JA Solar JAM54S30-410/MR · 410 W · 1722×1134 JA Solar JAM54S30-430/LR · 430 W · 1762×1134 JA Solar JAM54D41-450/LB · 450 W · 1762×1134 JA Solar JAM72D40-580/MB · 580 W · 2278×1134 · ⚠ not verified JA Solar JAM66D45-620/LB · 620 W · 2382×1134 JA Solar JAM72D42-640/LB · 640 W · 2465×1134 Jinko Tiger Neo 54HL4R · 440 W · 1722×1134 Jinko Tiger Neo JKM440N-54HL4R-V · 440 W · 1762×1134 Jinko Tiger Neo JKM440N-54HL4R-BDV · 440 W · 1762×1134 Jinko Tiger Neo JKM485N-60HL4-V · 485 W · 1906×1134 Jinko Tiger Pro 72HC · 540 W · 2274×1134 Jinko Tiger Neo JKM590N-72HL4-V · 590 W · 2278×1134 Jinko Tiger Neo JKM590N-72HL4-BDV · 590 W · 2278×1134 Jinko Tiger Neo 66HL4M-BDV · 620 W · 2382×1134 Jinko Tiger Neo JKM620N-66HL4M-V · 620 W · 2382×1134 Jinko Tiger Neo 78HL4-BDV · 625 W · 2465×1134 Jinko Tiger Neo JKM640N-78HL4-BDV · 640 W · 2465×1134 Jinko Tiger Neo 3.0 JKM720N-66HL5-BDV · 720 W · 2384×1303 LONGi Hi-MO 6 LR5-54HTH · 430 W · 1722×1134 LONGi Hi-MO 6 LR5-54HTH-435M · 435 W · 1722×1134 LONGi Hi-MO X10 LR7-54HVH-485M · 485 W · 1800×1134 LONGi Hi-MO 5 LR5-72HBD · 545 W · 2256×1133 LONGi Hi-MO 5 LR5-72HBD-545M · 545 W · 2256×1133 LONGi Hi-MO 6 LR5-72HTH · 580 W · 2278×1134 LONGi Hi-MO 6 LR5-72HTH-580M · 580 W · 2278×1134 LONGi Hi-MO 7 LR7-72HGD-610M · 610 W · 2382×1134 LONGi Hi-MO 9 LR7-72HYD-640M · 640 W · 2382×1134 LONGi Hi-MO 9 LR8-66HYD · 650 W · 2382×1134 LONGi Hi-MO X10 LR7-72HVH-650M · 650 W · 2382×1134 Leapton LP182*182-M-54-NB 440W · 440 W · 1722×1134 · ⚠ not verified Leapton LP182*210-M-54-NB 500W · 500 W · 1961×1134 Leapton LP210*210-M-66-NB 700W · 700 W · 2384×1303 Luxor Eco Line Classic LX-450M/182-108+ GG (bifacial) · 450 W · 1722×1134 Luxor Eco Line Classic LX-590M/182-144+ GG (bifacial) · 590 W · 2279×1134 Luxor Eco Line Pro LX-630M/182R-132+ GG (bifacial) · 630 W · 2382×1134 Meyer Burger White 400 (HJT) · 400 W · 1767×1041 · ⚠ not verified Qcells Q.TRON BLK M-G2+ 430 · 430 W · 1722×1134 · ⚠ not verified Qcells Q.TRON XL-G2.3/BFG 580 · 580 W · 2278×1134 · ⚠ not verified REC Alpha Pure 2 REC420AA Pure 2 (HJT) · 420 W · 1865×1040 REC Alpha Pure-R · 430 W · 1730×1118 REC Alpha Pure-RX REC470AA Pure-RX (HJT) · 470 W · 1728×1205 REC Alpha Pro MG REC610AA Pro MG (HJT, bifacial) · 610 W · 2175×1305 Risen RSM96-11-465BNDG · 465 W · 1762×1134 Risen RSM108-11-505BNDG · 505 W · 1961×1134 Risen Titan RSM110-8 · 550 W · 2384×1096 Risen RSM132-11-630BNDG · 630 W · 2382×1134 Risen Hyper-ion RSM132-8-720BHDG (HJT) · 720 W · 2384×1303 Seraphim Sable SRP-440-BTD-BG · 440 W · 1722×1134 Seraphim Sable SRP-620-BTC-BG · 620 W · 2382×1134 Seraphim Sable SRP-640-BTZ-BG · 640 W · 2465×1134 Maxeon 3 SPR-MAX3-430-R (IBC) · 430 W · 1812×1046 Maxeon 6 SPR-MAX6-440 (IBC) · 440 W · 1872×1032 Sunova Tangra S Pro SS-BG440-54MDH(T) · 440 W · 1722×1134 Sunova Tangra M Pro TS-BGT72(590) · 590 W · 2278×1134 Suntech STP440S-C54/Nshm · 440 W · 1722×1134 Suntech STP590S-C72/Nsh · 590 W · 2278×1134 Suntech STP620S-H66-Nsh+ (bifacial dual glass) · 620 W · 2382×1134 Tongwei TNC 2.0 TWMNH-48HW470 · 470 W · 1762×1134 Tongwei TNC TWMNH-54HD510 · 510 W · 1961×1134 Tongwei TWMNH-66HD · 640 W · 2382×1134 Tongwei TNC 2.0 TWMNH-66HD645 · 645 W · 2382×1134 Tongwei TNC 3.0 TWMNH-66QD660 · 660 W · 2382×1134 Tongwei TNC TWMNF-66HD720 · 720 W · 2384×1303 Trina Vertex S+ TSM-440NEG9RC.27 · 440 W · 1762×1134 Trina Vertex S+ NEG9R.28 · 445 W · 1762×1134 Trina Vertex S+ TSM-445NEG9R.28 · 445 W · 1762×1134 Trina Vertex S+ TSM-500NEG18R.28 · 500 W · 1961×1134 Trina Vertex TSM-DE19 · 550 W · 2384×1096 Trina Vertex N TSM-620NEG19R.20 · 620 W · 2382×1134 Trina Vertex N TSM-620NEG19RC.20 · 620 W · 2382×1134 Trina Vertex N TSM-690NEG21C.20 · 690 W · 2384×1303 Ulica UL-620M-132DDGN (dual glass bifacial) · 620 W · 2382×1134 Ulica UL-640M-156ADGN (dual glass bifacial) · 640 W · 2465×1134 Yingli PANDA 3.0 Mini YL440CF54e/2 · 440 W · 1722×1134 Yingli PANDA 3.0 Pro YL590CF72e/2 · 590 W · 2278×1134 Yingli PANDA 3.0 Pro YL630CF66i/2 · 630 W · 2382×1134 Znshine ZXM7-UHLDD108-440/N · 440 W · 1722×1134 Znshine ZXM7-UHLDD144-585/N · 585 W · 2279×1134 Znshine ZXMR-UPLDD132-610 (N-type, rectangular cells) · 610 W · 2382×1134 Custom size… Panels per row Panel rows per table Region Kyiv — snow 1 550, wind 370 Pa Lviv — snow 1 310, wind 520 Pa Odesa — snow 880, wind 460 Pa Kharkiv — snow 1 600, wind 430 Pa Dnipro — snow 1 340, wind 470 Pa Zaporizhzhia — snow 1 110, wind 460 Pa Vinnytsia — snow 1 360, wind 470 Pa Zhytomyr — snow 1 460, wind 460 Pa Chernihiv — snow 1 720, wind 410 Pa Sumy — snow 1 670, wind 420 Pa Poltava — snow 1 450, wind 470 Pa Cherkasy — snow 1 520, wind 420 Pa Kropyvnytskyi — snow 1 230, wind 410 Pa Mykolaiv — snow 870, wind 470 Pa Kherson — snow 760, wind 480 Pa Khmelnytskyi — snow 1 340, wind 500 Pa Ternopil — snow 1 390, wind 520 Pa Ivano-Frankivsk — snow 1 410, wind 500 Pa Uzhhorod — snow 1 340, wind 370 Pa Chernivtsi — snow 1 320, wind 500 Pa Rivne — snow 1 320, wind 520 Pa Lutsk — snow 1 240, wind 480 Pa Altitude above sea level, m Building height (roof / ridge), m
Attachment spacing 600 mm
Attachments on the rafters every 1th rafter
Panels in the layout 20
Attachments per system 72
Uplift per attachment 1.58 kN
Pressure per attachment 1.19 kN
Attachments and rail hold
How it is calculated The maximum spacing is limited by the covering and the snow on the panels (snow × shape factor × cos² of the pitch): near the roof edges it is smaller, and with more than 1.5 kPa of snow on the panels it is at most 800 mm. Attachments sit only on rafters, so the spacing is a multiple of the rafter spacing. Uplift: 1.5 × cp × qp × area; pressure: 1.5 × snow + 1.35 × self-weight.
The calculation is preliminary. A qualified engineer must check it before installation. Codes: DBN V.1.2-2:2006 (Ukraine) and the Eurocode; for other countries — snow and wind values from the national annex, entered by hand.